Republic of Korea
Country Name | Republic of Korea | Standard Time | 9 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time |
Capital City | Seoul (since 1394) | Population | 51.42 million |
National Anthem | Aegukga | ||
National Flag | Taegeukgi | Political System | Liberal democracy; presidential system |
National Flower | Mugunghwa (Rose of Sharon) | ||
Language | Korean; Hangeul | President | Moon Jae-in (since 2017) |
Land Size | 100,364 km2 | Economic Indicators | - GDP: USD 1,616.4 billion - Per Capita GNI: USD 29,745 - GDP Growth Rate: 3.1% - Currency: Won (USD 1=KRW 1,070.5) |
Geographical Location | The Korean Peninsula (lat. 33˚ - 43˚; long. 124˚ - 132˚) |
Population
Archaeologists think that people started settling in the Korean Peninsula around B.C.700,000, during the Paleolithic Age. South Korea’s 2017 population was estimated at 51.42 million, and according to the 2017 Population and Housing Census, 49.6% of the population resided in the Seoul metropolitan area. This was up by 0.5% from 49.1% in 2010, showing a distinct trend towards concentration of population in the capital.
Meanwhile, the country’s low birth rate has emerged as a serious social problem. The total fertility rate, which represents the average number of children that a woman can have throughout her lifetime, stood at 1.17 in 2016. The figure fell after rebounding from a record low of 1.08 in 2005, thanks to the government’s measures to encourage childbirth. The number of newborns in 2016 was also the lowest at 406,300. Meanwhile the life expectancy of South Koreans reached to 82.1 years (as of 2016), higher than the OECD average.
The international migration of South Koreans began at the end of the 19th century and the early 20th century with people leaving for China and Russia. Around the mid-20th century after the 1945 Liberation of Korea, the
United States was their main destination, though Koreans also started to emigrate to diverse regions around the world including Europe, the Middle East, and South America.
As a result, the number of overseas Koreans amounted to 7.4 million (2016) spread across 194 countries. Statistics showed that the largest number of expatriate Koreans were in China (2.55 million), followed by the United States (2.49 million), Japan (820,000), and Canada (240,000).
Since 2011, the net inflow of population has outnumbered the net outflow. The number of foreign nationals residing or working in the country has increased dramatically, particularly since 2000. According to Statistics Korea, 407,000 foreign nationals arrived in the country in 2016, the net outflow totaled 75,000, which was up by 14,000 YoY, while 714,000 foreign nationals arrived in the country. Regarding the purpose of their arrival in the country, employment (31.8%) topped the list, followed by short-term stay (30.4%), study (13.1%), and arrivals of overseas Koreans (12.8%). In particular, the number of foreign nationals who enter South Korea for study or training jumped by 30.1% YoY, the largest figure since 2000 (as of 2016).
Source: Korean Culture and Information Service 'Facts about Korea'